Vocabulary #3

Adenine


A purine; a nitrogen containing base in certain nucleotides.


Bacteriophage



Category of viruses that infect bacterial cells.


Cloning



Making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism.


Pyrimidine 



One of the nitrogen containig bases in nuclotides.


Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)



Of cells and many viruses. the molecule of Inheritance.


DNA ligase



Enzyme that seals new base pairings during DNA replication.


DNA polymerase



Enzyme of replication and repair that assembles a new strand of DNA on a parent DNA  template.


DNA repair



Enzyme mediated process that fixes small scale alterations in a DNA strand by restoring the original base sequence.


DNA replication



Any process by which a cell duplicates its DNA molecules before dividing.


Guanine



Nitrogen containing base in one of four nucleotide monomers of RNA or DNA.


Nucleotide



Small organic compound with deoxyribose, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.


Thymine



A nitrogen containing base; one of the nucleotides in DNA.


X-ray Diffraction image



Pattern that forms on film exposed to x-rays that have been directed at a molecule.


Anticodon



Series of three nuclotide bases in tRNA, can can base repair with an mRNA codon.


Base Sequence



Sequential order of bases in a DNA or RNA strand.


Base-repair Substitution



One amino acid has replaced another during protein synthesis.


Carcinogen



Any substance or agent that can trigger cancer.


Codon



One of 64 possible bases triplets in an mRNA strand.


Deletion



Cytological level, loss of a segment from a chromosome.


Exon



One of the base sequences of an mRNA transcript that will become translated.


Gene Mutation 



A small scale change in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule.


Genetic Code



The correspondance between nucleotide triplets in DNA and specific sequences of amino acids in a polypetide chain.


Insertion

 
movable attachment of muscle to bone.


Intron



noncoding portion of a pre-mRNA transcript.


Ionizing radiation



High energy wavelenghts.


mRNA(messenger RNA)



The only RNA encoding protein building instructions.


Mutation Rate



Probability that a spontaneous mutation will occur during or between DNA replication cycles.